The Concept of Dhimma in shariah Islamic Law

Abstract

This research aims to give the reader a comprehensive view of the concept of safety contract in Islamic shariah Law. A dhimmi is singular, collectively أهل الذمة ahl ul-ḏimmah/dhimmah "the people of the dhimma" is a historical term referring to non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection The word literally means "protected person referring to the state's obligation under sharia to protect the individual's life, property, and freedom of religion, in exchange for loyalty to the state and payment of the jizya tax, which complemented the zakat, or obligatory alms, paid by the Muslim subjects. Dhimmis were exempt from certain duties assigned specifically to Muslims, and did not enjoy certain privileges and freedoms reserved for Muslims, but were otherwise equal under the laws of property, contract, and obligation. In the first section, clarified the dhimma literally and technically and its legitimacy from the Quran and the Sunnah, and when he continued, and the wisdom of legislation, and conditions and what nullifies the agreement. In the second section, identified that who is deserved to grasps him or her dhimma bond or not. It concludes with the third section with the denial of the agreements of the people of dhimma, and a duty towards those who have broken their covenant, and the duties and obligation of he people of dhimma. I tried to study the views of the past and contemporary scholars, and presented their opinions, compare and discuss them from  what Allah opens to me. The modern world has witnessed many phenomena, which is not and it is very important,to muslim to know the sharia ruling regarding this important topic. At the end conclution drawn from variant views of the scholars,and the main findings and recommendations have been given.